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Self-esteem functions : ウィキペディア英語版 | Self-esteem functions
Self-esteem can be defined as how favorably individuals evaluate themselves. (Baumeister, 2008).〔Baumeister, R.F. & Bushman, B. (2008). Social Psychology and Human Nature (1st Edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. .〕 According to Leary (1999), self-esteem is the relationship between one’s real self and one’s ideal self, feeding off of favorable behaviors.〔Leary, M.R. (1999) Making Sense of Self-Esteem. Current Directions in Psychological Science 8 (1) , 32–35.〕 It refers to an individual's sense of his or her value or worth, or the extent to which a person values, approves of, appreciates, prizes, or likes him or herself.〔Adler, N & Stewart, J ( 2004) Self-Esteem. Research Network on SES & Health.〕 Self-esteem is generally considered the evaluative component of the self-concept, a broader representation of the self that includes cognitive and behavioral aspects as well as evaluative or affective ones.〔Adler, N & Stewart, J ( 2004) Self-Esteem. Research Network on SES & Health.〕 There are several different proposals as to the functions of self-esteem. One proposal includes to satisfy the inherent need to feel good about one self. Another one would be to minimize social rejection (Anthony at al. 2007, Leary 1999).〔Anthony, D. B., Wood, J. V., & Holmes, J. G. (2007). Testing sociometer theory: Self-esteem and the importance of acceptance for social decision-making. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(3), 425-432.〕 Self-esteem is also known as A way for a person to remain dominant in relationships (Barkow, 1980).〔Barkow, J. (1980). Prestige and self-esteem: A biosocial interpretation. In D. R. Omark, F. F. Strayer, & D. G. Freedman (Eds.), Dominance relations: An ethological view of human conflict and social interaction (pp. 319–332). New York: Garland STPM Press.〕 Self-esteem is known to protect people from fear that has potential of arising from the prospect of death- terror management theory (Leary, 1999). Self-esteem helps motivate people to achieve their goals- high self-esteem leading to coping in situations and low self-esteem leading to avoidance ( Leary 1999). ==Evolutionary perspectives==
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